Roman Numerals

Roman numerals are written as combinations of the seven letters in the table below. The letters can be written as capital (XVI) or lower-case letters (xvi).

Roman Numerals I = 1 C = 100 V = 5 D = 500 X = 10 M = 1000 L = 50

You can use a roman numerals chart or conversion table to lookup roman numerals or you can easily learn how to calculate them yourself with a few simple rules.

How to Translate Roman Numerals

If smaller numbers follow larger numbers, the numbers are added. If a smaller number precedes a larger number, the smaller number is subtracted from the larger. For example, if you want to say 1,100 in Roman Numerals, you would say M for 1000 and then put a C after it for 100; in other words 1,100=MC in Roman Numerals.

Some more examples:

• VIII = 5+3 = 8
• IX = 10-1 = 9
• XL = 50-10 = 40
• XC = 100-10 = 90
• MCMLXXXIV = 1000+(1000-100)+50+30+(5-1) = 1984

Roman Numeral Table 1 I 14 XIV 27 XXVII 150 CL 2 II 15 XV 28 XXVIII 200 CC 3 III 16 XVI 29 XXIX 300 CCC 4 IV 17 XVII 30 XXX 400 CD 5 V 18 XVIII 31 XXXI 500 D 6 VI 19 XIX 40 XL 600 DC 7 VII 20 XX 50 L 700 DCC 8 VIII 21 XXI 60 LX 800 DCCC 9 IX 22 XXII 70 LXX 900 CM 10 X 23 XXIII 80 LXXX 1000 M 11 XI 24 XXIV 90 XC 1600 MDC 12 XII 25 XXV 100 C 1700 MDCC 13 XIII 26 XXVI 101 CI 1900 MCM

A Brief History of Roman Numerals

What is the history of Roman Numerals? Roman numerals, as the name suggests, originated in ancient Rome. No one is sure when roman numerals were first used, but they far predate the middle ages. Theories abound as to the origins of this counting system, but it is commonly believed to have started with the ancient Etruscans. The symbol for one in the roman numeral system probably represented a single tally mark of the kind people would notch into wood or dirt to keep track of items or events they were counting.

Helpful Geography Websites

http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/continents.htm


Self-quiz

Http://www.Ilike2learn.com/ilike2learn/geography.asp

North America

Countries and Capitals to know:

1. Canada

2. United States of America

3. Mexico

4. Cuba

5. Haiti

6. Jamaica

7. Dominican Republic

8. Bahamas

9. Trinidad

10. Belize

11. Guatemala

12. Honduras

13. Nicaragua

14. El Salvador

15. Panama

16. Costa Rica

You will be expected to locate these countries on a blank map.

Syllabus Honors and Regular

World History

Policies and Procedures

Jessica Gonzalez                                                                      E-mail: Jgonza79@dadeschools.net

A Message to Students and Parents

           

Welcome to the 2010-2011 school year! I look forward to this school year and helping you expand your knowledge, thoughts, and ideas.  In order to ensure academic learning and growth among our students, it is essential that we maintain a positive classroom atmosphere that is free from disrespect, disruptions, or distractions of any kind.  I encourage and expect you to always do your best. Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions or concerns. 

Attendance

·      If the student is absent, he or she must report to the Attendance Office on the sixth floor, before coming to homeroom.

·      If the student is tardy please secure a pass from the teacher or any faculty member that detained you.

·      All students must be in their seats at the start of class.

Grading Policy

Students and parents are now able to review student’s grades online through the Miami-Dade public school portal. 

Grades are based on the following:

1.     Tests and quizzes (Tests administered on Tuesday and Thursday)

2.     Class work and homework

3.     Projects and presentation

    

      Assignments are due on their due date, not after. No assignments will be accepted after the assigned due date and you will receive a zero for the incomplete work

      Make-up (Only if the absence is excused)

·      It is the student’s responsibility to ask for all assignments. 

·      Students must make arrangements with Ms. Gonzalez to make up tests and quizzes.

Classroom Etiquette

Electronic devices must be turned off and never visible in the classroom. 

Dismissal from class is given by Ms. Gonzalez.

Respect for yourself and others at all times.

**Cheating and plagiarism will result in a zero for the assignment and progressive discipline.

**All School Rules apply in this classroom.

Materials:

           

Pens (Blue or Black)                                   

Paper                        

Pencil and erasers

**I recommend that if you have difficulty keeping papers in order that you get a binder or folder.  

Famous men of the 20th century

Vladimir Lenin - A Russian revolutionist and communist that led the October Revolution of 1917 in Russia.

Joseph Stalin - Leader of the Soviet Union (formerly known as Russia) during WWII.  Launched the Great Purge in which ënemies"of the party were executed, sent to Gulags, or exiled.

 

Mao Zedong - A Chinese communist leader from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976.

Pol Pot - The leader of the Cambobian communist movement known as the Khmer Rouge.  Responsible for the Killing Fields in Cambodia in which almost half the population died.

Woodrow Wilson - President of the United States during WWI. 

Adolf Hitler - Leader of Germany during WWII and the head of the Nazi Party.

Images to know #2...

ART
1. Christ Pantocrator; Saint Catherine's Monastery This is the oldest known iconic Christ Pantocrator meaning "Almighty." The Christ Pantocrator was one of the first images of Christ and remains a central icon of the Eastern Orthodox Church.

2. School of Athens; Raphael

This is a fresco in the Vatican Museum. It depicts nearly every famous Greek philosopher.

3. Wooden Statue of Bodhisattva; Song Dynasty

This is one of many Song Dynasty wooden statues of Bodhisattva, meaning "enlightened existence."

4. The Last Supper; Leonardo da Vinci

The Last Supper is a mural painting in Milan for da Vinci's patron Sforza, who governed the city. It is a depiction of the last supper Jesus Christ had with his apostles.

5. Cave painting in Lascaux, France

Lascaux is a complex of caves in France. The cave paintings are 17,ooo years old and examples of paleolithic art. This particular shot is of aurochs, an ancestor of cattle. This is a UNESCO Heritage Site.

6. Dogu; Jomon Period Japan

Dogu are small humanoid and animal figurines during the late Jomon Period of prehistoric Japan. These date from 14,000 BC to 400 BC. They are considered to be representations of Mother Goddess and suggest an association with fertility and shamanistic rites.

7. Arnolfini Portrait; Jan van Eyck

The painting is of a wedding and is symbolic of gender roles. The woman is on the right, inside the room and near the bed, showing her role as caregiver and homemaker. The man is near the window, thus showing his role in the outside world.

8. Sistine Chapel; Michelangelo

Sistine Chapel is a series of frescoed panels painted depicting different stories in the bible. They were painted in the residence of the Pope in the Vatican City. The panel shown above is the Creation of Adam and the most recognizable panel.

9. David; Michelangelo

The statue of David is considered a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture. The marble statue is of biblical hero David. The statue came to symbolize the defense of civil liberties of the Florentine Republic from outside forces and the hegemony of the Medici family.

10. La Primavera; Sandro Boticelli

La Primavera means "Spring" and is a wonderful example of Renaissance art. It was commissioned by the Medici family.

11. Terracotta Army; China

The Terracotta Army dates back to 210 BC and was found near the mausoleum of the first emperor of China. Current estimates of the three pits discovered are 8,000 soldiers varying in size by importance, 130 chariots with 520 horses, and 150 cavalry horses. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

ARCHITECTURE

12. Westminster Abbey; London, England

Westminster is a gothic church and the traditional location of coronation and burial of English and later British royals. It is also known as Poet's Corner because Chaucer was buried there because he was master of the Kings Works. Other famous authors have been buried or memorialized alongside Chaucer. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

13. Great Mosque of Cordoba; Cordoba, Spain

It is a Roman Catholic Church. Arguably the best example of Umayyad architecture it was originally a mosque build on what was a Christian Visigoth Church. During the Spanish reconquista it was turned into a Catholic Church.

14. Notre Dame Cathedral; Paris, France

Notre Dame was one of the first gothic churches built and is the finest example of French Gothic Architecture. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Paris. It is one the first buildings to use the flying buttress.

15. Hohe Domkirche St. Peter und Maria (Cologne Cathedral); Cologne, Germany

It is one of the largest churches in the world and one of the most recognizable structures in Germany. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Cologne. It is an example of gothic architecture and a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

16. El Escorial; San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Spain

This was built in the image of Solomon's Temple. It is a royal site and functions as a monastery, royal palace, museum, and school.

17. Basilica di Santa Maria del Flore; Florence, Italy

Referred to as Il Duomo the structure's dome was one of the largest in the world until recent years. It remains the largest brick dome in the ever built. The basilica was designed by Brunelleschi. This is the seat of the Archbishop of Florence. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

18. St. Peter's Basilica; Vatican City, Italy

Michelangelo was one of many architects to contribute to the design of this basilica. This is a papal basilica. The structure has the largest interior of any Christian church.

19. Himeji Castle; Himeji, Japan

Himeji Castle is a prime example of a feudal Japanese castle. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The structure contains many defensive elements, the most famous being the confusing maze of paths that lead to the main keep. This is the most visited castle in Japan.

20.Taj Mahal; Agra, India

The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his favorite wife Mumtaz Mahal. This is considered the best example of Mughal Architecture, a style that combines elements from Persian, Islamic, and Indian architectural styles. Not only is it a UNESO World Heritage Site, but one of the new seven Wonders of the World.

21. Borobudur; Java, Indonesia

Borobudur is a Mahayana Buddhist temple. The monument is both a shrine to Buddha and a place for Buddhist pilgrimage. It is also the largest Buddhist temple in the world. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

22. Todai-ji Temple; Nara, Japan

This is the largest wooden building in the world. It also houses the largest Buddha Vairocana in the world. This building is still used today as school. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

23. Horyuji Temple; Nara, Japan

This is a Buddhist Temple and had the oldest wooden pagoda in the world.

24. Temple of Heaven; Beijing, China

This is considered a taoist temple, even though Chinese Heaven worship predates this structure. It was used by emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties for prayers to benefit the harvest.

Symbolism - Heaven is represented by a circle and Earth by a square. This temple is a combination of the relationship between heaven and earth, circle and square.

25. Forbidden City; Beijing, China

Located in the center of Beijing, it is the location of the imperial palace from the Ming to the Qing Dynasties. It was the ceremonial and political center of Chinese government for five centuries. The complex consists of 980 surviving buildings, 8,707 rooms and covers 7,800,000 square feet.

26. Hall of Supreme Harmony; Beijing, China

This is also known as the Hall of Golden Throne and is the largest structure in the Forbidden City. It is also the largest wooden building in China. The hall is dominated by dragon designs and is a representation of imperial power.